Stainless Steel and Nickel Alloy Bolts, Hex Cap Screws, and Studs, for Heat Resistance and High Temperature Applications
ASTM F2281 specification covers the chemical and mechanical requirements for stainless steel and nickel alloy bolts, hex cap screws, and studs, 1/4 inch diameter and larger, intended for use at temperatures up to 1800°F (982°C), and in applications where resistance to heat and the effects of high temperature are to be considered. A wide variety of materials are covered in this specification which can be used at high temperatures as a function of the specific alloy properties, as well as environmental requirements including corrosive environments. Specifications A276, A484/A484M, A493, A564/A564M, A582/A582M, B637 are noted for information only as suitable sources of material for the manufacture of bolts, hex cap screws, and studs to this specification.
| Alloy Grade | UNS Designation |
|---|---|
| ASTM F2281 304 Type I Class A | S30400 |
| ASTM F2281 304L Type I Class A | S30403 |
| ASTM F2281 316 Type I Class A | S31600 |
| ASTM F2281 316L Type I Class A | S31603 |
| ASTM F2281 410 Type I Class B | S41000 |
| ASTM F2281 416 Type I Class B | S41600 |
| ASTM F2281 431 Type I Class B | S43100 |
| ASTM F2281 430 Type I Class C | S43000 |
| ASTM F2281 430F Type I Class C | S43020 |
| ASTM F2281 309 Type II | S30900 |
| ASTM F2281 310 Type II | S31000 |
| ASTM F2281 321 Type II | S32100 |
| ASTM F2281 330 Type II | N08330 |
| ASTM F2281 347 Type II | S34700 |
| ASTM F2281 660 Type III Class A | S66286 |
| ASTM F2281 718 Type III Class A | N07718 |
| ASTM F2281 600Type III Class B | N06600 |
| ASTM F2281 601 Type III Class C | N06601 |
| Alloy | C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Ni | Cu | Mo | Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASTM F2281 304 Type I, Class A | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 18.0-20.0 | 8.0-10.5 | 1.00 | . . . | . . . |
| ASTM F2281 304L Type I, Class A | 0.03 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 18.0-20.0 | 8.0/12.0 | 1.00 | . . . | . . . |
| ASTM F2281 316 Type I, Class A | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 16.0-18.0 | 10.0-14.0 | . . . | 2.00-3.00 | . . . |
| ASTM F2281 316L Type I, Class A | 0.03 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 16.0-18.0 | 10.0-14.0 | . . . | 2.00-3.00 | . . . |
| ASTM F2281 410 Type I, Class A | 0.15 | 1.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 11.5-13.5 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| ASTM F2281 416 Type I, Class A | 0.15 | 1.25 | 0.060 | 0.15 min | 1.00 | 12.0-14.0 | . . . | . . . | 0.60 | . . . |
| ASTM F2281 431 Type I, Class A | 0.20 | 1.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 15.0-17.0 | 1.25-2.50 | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| ASTM F2281 430 Type I, Class A | 0.12 | 1.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 16.0-18.0 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| ASTM F2281 430F Type I, Class A | 0.12 | 1.25 | 0.060 | 0.15 min | 1.00 | 16.0-18.0 | . . . | . . . | 0.60 | . . . |
| ASTM F2281 309 Type II | 0.20 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 22.0-24.0 | 12.0-15.0 | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| ASTM F2281 310 Type II | 0.25 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.50 | 24.0-26.0 | 19.0-22.0 | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| ASTM F2281 321 Type II | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 17.0-19.0 | 9.0-12.0 | . . . | . . . | Ti5 × C min |
| ASTM F2281 330 Type II | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 0.75-1.50 | 17.0-20.0 | 34.0-37.0 | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| ASTM F2281 347 Type II | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 17.0-19.0 | 9.0-13.0 | . . . | . . . | Cb + Ta 10 × C min |
| ASTM F2281 600 Type III, Class A | 0.10 | 1.00 | . . . | 0.015 | 0.50 | 14.0-17.0 | 72.0 min | 0.50 | . . . | Fe 6.0/10.0 |
| ASTM F2281 601 Type III, Class A | 0.10 | 1.00 | . . . | 0.015 | 0.50 | 21.0-25.0 | 58.0-63.0 | 1.00 | . . . | Al 1.0/1.7 Fe remainder |
| ASTM F2281 660 Type III, Class B | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 13.5-16.0 | 24.0-27.0 | . . . | 1.00-1.75 | Ti 1.90-2.30 V 0.10-0.50 Al 0.35 max B 0.003-0.010 Fe remainder |
| ASTM F2281 718 Type III, Class C | 0.08 | 0.35 | 0.015 | 0.015 | 0.35 | 17.0-21.0 | 50.0-55.0 | 0.30 | 2.80-3.30 | Ti 0.65-1.15 Co 1.00 max Al 0.20-0.80 B 0.006 max Cb + Ta 4.75-5.50 Fe remainder |
| Alloy Grades | Condition | Marking | Nominal Diameter, in. | Full-Size Tests | Rockwell Hardness | Machined Specimen Tests | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength, min, ksi | Yield Strength, min, ksi | Tensile Strength, min, ksi | Yield Strength, min, ksi | Elongation 4D, min % | |||||
| ASTM F2281 304, 304L Type I, Class A | A | F1A | All diameters | 75 | 30 | 65 to 95 HRB | 75 | 30 | 30 |
| CWA | F1B | All diameters | 75 | 30 | 65 to 95 HRB | 75 | 30 | 30 | |
| HWA | F1C | All diameters | 75 | 30 | 65 to 95 HRB | 75 | 30 | 30 | |
| ASTM F2281 316, 316L Type I, Class A | A | F1D | All diameters | 75 | 30 | 65 to 95 HRB | 75 | 30 | 30 |
| CWA | F1E | All diameters | 75 | 30 | 65 to 95 HRB | 75 | 30 | 30 | |
| HWA | F1F | All diameters | 75 | 30 | 65 to 95 HRB | 75 | 30 | 30 | |
| ASTM F2281 410, 416 Type I, Class B | H | F1G | Up to 4 diameter | 110 | 85 | 20 to 30 HRC | 110 | 85 | 15 |
| HT | F1H | Up to 4 diameter | 160 | 120 | 34 to 45 HRC | 160 | 120 | 12 | |
| ASTM F2281 431 | H | F1I | All diameters | 125 | 100 | 25 to 32 HRC | 125 | 100 | 15 |
| HT | F1J | All diameters | 180 | 140 | 40 to 48 HRC | 180 | 140 | 10 | |
| ASTM F2281 430, 430F Type I, Class C | A | F1K | All diameters | 55 | 30 | 65 to 95 HRB | 50 | 25 | ... |
| CWA | F1L | All diameters | 55 | 30 | 65 to 95 HRB | 50 | 25 | ... | |
| HWA | F1M | All diameters | 55 | 30 | 65 to 95 HRB | 50 | 25 | ... | |
| ASTM F2281 309, 310 Type II, Class A | A | F2A | All diameters | 75 | 30 | 85 to 95 HRB | 75 | 30 | 30 |
| CWA | F2B | All diameters | 75 | 30 | 65 to 95 HRB | 75 | 30 | 30 | |
| HWA | F2C | All diameters | 75 | 30 | 65 to 95 HRB | 75 | 30 | 30 | |
| ASTM F2281 321, 347 Type II, Class A | A | F2D | All diameters | 75 | 30 | 85 to 95 HRB | 75 | 30 | 30 |
| CWA | F2E | All diameters | 75 | 30 | 65 to 95 HRB | 75 | 30 | 20 | |
| HWA | F2F | All diameters | 75 | 30 | 65 to 95 HRB | 75 | 30 | 30 | |
| ASTM F2281 330 Type II, Class A | A | F2G | All diameters | 75 | 30 | 85 to 95 HRB | 75 | 30 | 30 |
| CWA | F2H | All diameters | 75 | 30 | 65 to 95 HRB | 75 | 30 | 20 | |
| HWA | F2I | All diameters | 75 | 30 | 65 to 95 HRB | 75 | 30 | 30 | |
| ASTM F2281 600, 601 Type III, Class A | A | F3A | All diameters | 80 | 25 | 65 to 85 HRB | 75 | 25 | 35 |
| CWA | F3B | All diameters | 80 | 25 | 65 to 85 HRB | 75 | 25 | 35 | |
| HWA | F3C | All diameters | 80 | 25 | 65 to 85 HRB | 75 | 25 | 35 | |
| ASTM F2281 660 Type III, Class B | Ah4 | F3D | All diameters | 130 | 85 | 22 to 37 HRC | 130 | 85 | 15 |
| Ah4 | F3E | All diameters | 130 | 85 | 22 to 37 HRC | 130 | 85 | 15 | |
| Ah4 | F3F | All diameters | 130 | 85 | 22 to 37 HRC | 130 | 85 | 15 | |
| ASTM F2281 718 Type III, Class C | AH4 | F3G | All diameters | 185 | 150 | 36 to 48 HRC | 180 | 150 | 12 |
| Alloy Grade | Temperature | Tensile Strength, ksi, min | Yield 0.2 % Strength, ksi, min | Elongation in 2 in., %, min | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| °F | °C | ||||
| ASTM F2281 600 Class A | 600 | 316 | 89.0 | 34.0 | 45.0 |
| 1000 | 538 | 82.0 | 33.0 | 42.0 | |
| 1400 | 760 | 37.0 | 26.0 | 70.0 | |
| 1800 | 982 | 11.0 | 5.0 | 115.0 | |
| ASTM F2281 601 Class A | 800 | 427 | 104.0 | 54.5 | 36.0 |
| 1000 | 538 | 94.8 | 51.5 | 34.0 | |
| 1200 | 649 | 73.5 | 46.5 | 32.0 | |
| 1400 | 760 | 37.3 | 36.6 | 88.0 | |
| 1800 | 982 | 8.7 | 7.5 | 173.0 | |
| ASTM F2281 660 Class B | 800 | 427 | 138.0 | 93.0 | 18.0 |
| 1000 | 538 | 131.0 | 87.5 | 18.0 | |
| 1100 | 593 | 122.0 | 90.0 | 21.0 | |
| 1200 | 649 | 104.0 | 88.0 | 13.0 | |
| 1300 | 704 | 86.5 | 86.0 | 11.0 | |
| 1400 | 760 | 64.0 | 62.0 | 18.0 | |
| 1500 | 816 | 36.5 | 33.0 | 68.0 | |
| ASTM F2281 718 Class C | 600 | 316 | 184.0 | 156.0 | 20.0 |
| 1000 | 538 | 173.0 | 148.0 | 16.0 | |
| 1200 | 649 | 145.0 | 125.0 | 12.0 | |
| 1400 | 760 | 124.0 | 116.0 | 5.0 | |
| Alloy Grade | Safe Scaling Temperature at Continuous Service Application | Safe Scaling Temperature at Continuous Service Application |
|---|---|---|
| ASTM F2281 304/304L Type I, Class A | 1600°F (871°C) | ... |
| ASTM F2281 316/316L Type I, Class A | ... | ... |
| ASTM F2281 410/416 Type I, Class B | 1200°F (649°C) | ... |
| ASTM F2281 431 Type I, Class B | 1300°F (704°C) | ... |
| ASTM F2281 430/430F Type I, Class C | 1500°F (816°C) | ... |
| ASTM F2281 309 Type II | 2000°F (1093°C) | 1850°F (1010°C) |
| ASTM F2281 310 Type II | 2100°F (1149°C) | 2000°F (1093°C) |
| ASTM F2281 321 Type II | 1600°F (871°C) | 1650°F (899°C) |
| ASTM F2281 330 Type II | 2200°F (1204°C) | 2200°F (1204°C) |
| ASTM F2281 347 Type II | 1600°F (871°C) | 1650°F (871°C) |
| ASTM F2281 600 Type III, Class A | 1800°F (980°C) | ... |
| ASTM F2281 601 Type III, Class A | 2000°F (1095°C) | ... |
| ASTM F2281 660 Type III, Class B | 1300°F (704°C) | ... |
| Type | Class | Condition |
|---|---|---|
| I | A | A, CWA, HWA |
| I | B | H, HT |
| I | C | A, CWA, HWA |
| II | ... | A, CWA, HWA |
| III | A | A, CWA, HWA |
| III | B | Ah4, Ah4 or Ah4 |
| III | C | AH4 |
| Condition | Process |
|---|---|
| A | Machined from annealed or solution-annealed stock thus retaining the properties of the original material |
| CWA | Cold formed from annealed or solution-annealed stock and then re-annealed |
| HWA | Hot formed from annealed or solution-annealed stock and then re-annealed |
| H | Hardened and tempered at 1050°F (565°C) minimum |
| HT | Hardened and tempered at 525°F (274°C) minimum |
| Ah4 | Solution treated at 1850°F (1010°C) and precipitation hardened (aging) |
| Ah4 | Solution treated at 1700°F (927°C) and precipitation hardened (aging) |
| Ah4 | Solution treated at 1850°F (1010°C) and double aged |
| AH4 | Solution treated at 1725°F (941°C) to 1850°F (1010°C) and precipitation hardened (aging) |
Product Shall be Marked with our manufacturing trade mark "TorqBolt" or "TB" along with the designated Grade.
Grade and manufacturer’s identification symbols shall be applied to one end of studs and to the heads of bolts and screws of all sizes. (If the available area is inadequate, the grade symbol may be marked on one end and the manufacturer’s identification symbol marked on the other end.) For bolts and screws smaller than 1⁄4 in. [6 mm] in diameter and studs smaller than 3⁄8 in. [10 mm] in diameter and for 1⁄4 in. [6 mm] in diameter studs requiring more than a total of three symbols, the marking shall be a matter of agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer.
B18.31.2 Imperial Continious Thread, Double End Reduced & Full Body Studs
B18.31.3 Threaded Rods (Inch Series)
B16.5 Imperial Full Thread Stud Bolts
B16.5 Metric Full Thread Stud Bolts
B18.2.1 Imperial Square and Hex Bolts and Screws
E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Materials
E21 Test Methods for Elevated Temperature Tension Tests of Metallic Materials
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
E139 Test Methods for Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture,and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic Materials
E150 Recommended Practice for Conducting Creep and Creep-Rupture Tension Tests of Metallic Materials Under Conditions of Rapid Heating and Short Times
E151 Recommended Practice for Tension Tests of Metallic Materials at Elevated Temperatures with Rapid Heating and Conventional or Rapid Strain Rates
E292 Test Methods for Conducting Time-for-Rupture Notch Tension Tests of Materials
E328 Test Methods for Stress Relaxation for Materials and Structures
E566 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy Current) Sorting of Ferrous Metals
E709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing
F606/F606M Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners, Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and Rivets
F1940 Test Method for Process Control Verification to Prevent Hydrogen Embrittlement in Plated or Coated Fasteners
A962/A962M Specification for Common Requirements for Bolting Intended for Use at Any Temperature from Cryogenic to the Creep Range
A788/A788M for Steel Forgings, General Requirements
| S1 | Shipment Lot Testing |
|---|---|
| S2 | Additional Tests |
| S3 | Source Inspection |
| S4 | Heat Control |
| S5 | Permeability |
| S6 | Corrosion Resistance Tests |
| S7 | Passivation |
| S8 | High Temperature Tests |